The consumption of non-essential aluminum ions (Al³⁺) at higher concentrations from biotic and abiotic sources can cause serious adverse effects on the human body. Therefore, there is a bourgeoning need to develop facile analytical methods for the on-site and real-time monitoring of Al³⁺ concentration in various environmental and biological samples. The chromo-fluorogenic based sensors have been widely developed in recent years to detect and monitor Al³⁺ ions. Among the various types of developed chemical sensors, the Schiff bases proved to have several advantages due to their facile synthesis with high yield, fascinating coordination behavior and easy structural modification. The presented review article starts with a general introduction to the beneficiary and harmful effects of Al³⁺ ion and to the Schiff base as a promising candidate for detecting the said ion and the rest of the review article consists of two main sections. The first section illustrates different mechanistic insights into metal ion detection using Schiff base sensors. The second section includes a review of the recently reported Schiff base-based chemosensors for Al³⁺ ion detection along with various applications of Al³⁺ sensing.  Additionally, a summary of the reviewed recent Schiff base sensors is presented in a table format. Finally, the conclusion and future scope of Schiff base sensors for Al³⁺ ion detections are discussed.

β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine-5′-isopropyl ester is an investigational direct-acting antiviral agent that is under development for the treatment of COVID-19. Given the potential high demand for this compound, it was critical to develop a sustainable and efficient synthesis from commodity raw materials¹. A cost effective, commercially viable two step synthesis of highly pure β-D-N⁴-Hydroxycytidine-5′-isopropyl ester from cytidine is described in this paper. The main contribution for enzymatic synthesis is the cost of the enzyme. After understanding the reaction profile enzyme loading was reduced to one fourth i.e., 5% with respect to N-hydroxy cytidine from 20-200% i.e., 4-40 times higher enzyme loading as reported in² and 50-200% i.e., 10-40 times higher enzyme loading as reported in³ for the formation of β-D-N⁴-Hydroxycytidine-5′-isopropyl ester. By this selective process Enzyme loading can be reduced to one fourth i.e., 5% with respect to N-hydroxy cytidine from 20-200% i.e., 4-40 times higher enzyme loading to afford good yield and enhanced good purity of β-D-N⁴-Hydroxycytidine-5′-isopropyl ester by controlling all other process related impurities less than 0.10% followed by purification techniques using ionic liquids, water and mixture of both.

Tri (ethylene glycol) poly(orthoester) (TEG-POE) (Formula-1) can serve as an excipient of many pharmaceutically active compounds. Utilizing immobilized lipase as a biocatalyst, a novel enzymatic method for TEG-POE synthesis has been developed. This method involves concise process of the polymerization using Lipase (Addzyme) at convenient room temperature against the existing very high temperature chemical conversion. This efficient method provides green and environmentally friendly industrial oriented scalable process of TEG-POE in comparison with chemical processes which contains very high temperature conditions. In addition, the enthalpy calculations were derived and compared between chemical reaction and enzymatic reaction.Green chemistry principles are promoted by the synthesis cost-effectiveness and global accessibility, which is facilitated by the use of readily available and affordable lipase.