Nanoparticles have taken attention in recent years and it is essential to produce different types because they have interdisciplinary working areas. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a favourable approach as it is unrealised environmentally friendly, fast, non-toxic, economical, and biocompatible. Biological synthesis pathways use a different microorganism, that is bacteria and fungi, for the purpose of synthesis of different nanoparticles such as Ag, Au, Se, Fe, Zn, Cu, Si, Mg, Pt, and Pd. Microorganisms has the capacity to produce nanoparticles by intracellular or extracellular synthesis pathways. This article highlights the types of biological production or green synthesis of nanoparticle and bio-based production by fungus and bacteria with experimental condition, enzymes that are present within the organism that influence the reduction procedure, along with factor affecting the process with comparison of biological and non-biological production.

The designing and development of a new pharmaceutical drug molecule or products is generally known as complex process which takes a lot of time and resources for developing. The drug molecules are the primary components in the drug formulation, which combined with the numbers of compounds. Recent days computer aided drug design (CADD) approaches are used very widely to increase the efficiency of the drug designing and development for drug. Computational are useful tools to interpret and guide experiments to expedite the antibiotic drug design process initially. Simultaneously structure based drug design (SBDD) and ligand-based drug design (LBDD) are the two category of computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches in existence. The drug discovery is mainly based on the different types of parameters follow such as pharmacokinetic, ligand-based and structure-based designing and other basis for the drug designing and development. Novel software-based methods such as molecular modelling, structure-based drug design, structure-based virtual screening, ligand interaction, and molecular dynamics are regarded as powerful tools for studying drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Mostly drug designing and discovery solutions for screening, predictive analytics, modeling, simulation, and computational capabilities. Software-based drug discovery and development methods have important role in the development of drug molecules. Drug designing software has key role to design novel proteins or drugs in pharmaceutical field. The review article initially broadly focused in drug designing and development, different types of novel software used in the drug discovery and as well as the formulation designing process of the any pharmaceutical products or dosage form. The various numbers of novel software used in the drug design and development within the combination as well as the individual in the form of images and table data form.

The present research work was carried out using a simple RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Lamivudine and Rilpivirinein bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was carried out by Phenomenox C18 (4.6 ×250mm, 5µ ID) used as a stationary phase and MeCN: MeOH and 0.1 % of DEA (pH 3.0 was adjusted with 10 % OPA) used as a mobile phase in the ratio of 30:15:55 at a 0.9ml^-1 flow rate and the peak detection was carried out 245nm (isobestic point). Overall run time was 10.0 min and the retention time was 2.49, 7.01 min for Lamivudine and Rilpivirine respectively. The proposed method was validated as perthe ICH guidelines and found to be specific, linear, selective, and precise. Linearity range is 2-10µg/ml of both Lamivudine and Rilpivirine and the LOD is 2.32ng/ml, 3.24ng/ml and LOQ is 8.43ng/ml, 10.35ng/ml of Lamivudine and Rilpivirine respectively. This method can be applied on bulk and commercially available individual and combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. This method can be utilized in marketed formulation to identify the purity, degradation and assay value.