Various pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for the past several decades, as they possess a number of pharmacological activities. Of all the pyrimidine derivatives; 2- hydroxypyrimidines, 2-mercaptopyrimidines and 2-aminopyrimidines exhibit greater similarity with pyrimidine nucleobases. This is one reason why they hold broad-spectrum of biological activities. Substitutions on these pyrimidine ring systems results in compounds with numerous biological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesics, antitubercular and so on. Chalcones on condensation with urea derivatives in the presence of a base and an alcohol produces pyrimidines. Chalcones are prepared by Claisen-Schmidt Condensation reaction. This review is intended to study the synthetic routes, chemistry and biological activities of various substituted pyrimidines.

The introduction of different nitrogen moieties in the chemical structure increases the application of many synthetic drugs for different ailments now a days. This provides medicinal chemistry researcher to synthesis newer compounds containing nitrogen atom. Compounds containing triazene chain are toxic to cells and are generally used as alkylating agents in anticancer treatment. In this review article, biological potency of aryl triazene was studied by using different triazene derivatives. Antibacterial studies were performed by the use of different strains of bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, etc. and anti-tubercular was done by using Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV stain) and Mycobacterium lufu. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied by inducing adjuvant arthritis (AA) by subplantar injections on a group of white mongrel rats. In vitro antileukemic studies are performed against K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukaemia) cell line and RAJI (human Burkitt lymphoma) cell lines at 10µM of test compounds. Halogen substituted molecules are more potent than other substituted derivatives especially in antibacterial and antileukemic studies. Increasing the length of triazene chain normally decreases the activity in the homologous series. Methyl substituted compounds are showing better activity than other alkyl substituted derivatives. This article highlights the different biological activities of Aryl Triazenes.

The aim of the study was to perform pharmacological evaluation of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract for wound healing activity. The Cinnamomum verum leaves were successively extracted with various solvents according to their increasing order of polarity. The phytochemicals present in the extracts were identified by qualitative phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of fats in petroleum ether extract; tannins, terpenes in chloroform extract; terpenes, flavanoids in ethyl acetate extract; saponin, flavanoids in water extract; and terpenes, phenolics, tannins and flavanoids in the alcoholic extract of Cinnamomum verum leaves respectively. The pharmacological evaluation for wound healing was carried out in three models in Wistar Albino rats and it was revealed that the isolated fraction of Cinnamomum verum Linn leaf possess good wound healing effect. This method involves histological examination of tissue for the study of details about the cellular morphology and other alteration at cellular levels during healing and regeneration. Hence, isolating the drug from the natural source may have possibilities of lesser side effects, which may be further helpful for the society.

A simple, precise, accurate, sensitive and economical reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Mesalamine (MSL) and Prednisolone (PRD) in combined dosage forms in accordance with the analytical parameter mentioned in the ICH guidelines. Chromatographic separation of the drugs was achieved on C-18 Phenomenex column(250mm × 4.6mm i.d) and a mobile phase composed of Acetonitrile: phosphate buffer(pH adjusted to 6 with Orthophosphoric acid) (20:80 v/v). The detection was carried out at 330nm. The retention times of Mesalamine and Prednisolone were found to be 4.373 min and 1.589min, respectively. Linearity was established for Meselamine in the range of 5-25µg/ml and Prednisolone in the range of 2-10µg/ml. The percentage recoveries of Mesalamine and Prednisolone were found to be 99.57% and 100.63% respectively. Correlation coefficient of Mesalamine was found to be 0.9973 and for Prednisolone it is 0.9984. The method showed adequate precision with smaller RSD (less than 1%).

Voltammetric determination has been applied for Alendronate Sodium (ALN) assay in a pharmaceutical formulation. Britton - Robinson Buffer (BRB) solutions of pH (2.1-11.6) were studied as supporting electrolyte, BRB solution of pH 10.52 with Glassy Carbon GC working electrode exhibited the optimum conditions for ALN assay. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques have been applied in this study. CV indicated that ALN is electroactive compound with anodic current peak at 1.5V. DPV showed the best Limit of Detection (LOD) and limit of quantification LOQ of 0.176 and 0.216mg.mL-1 respectively. All studied voltammetric techniques illustrated high accuracy and precession with linear range 0.25-1.25mg.mL-1. SWV recovery is 96.57% and 98.28% for 0.35mg.mL-1 and 0.70mg.mL-1 of commercially available ALN (Osteve®70mg) tablets respectively. In addition, DPV inter and intraday results precession values are better than other used voltammetric techniques with 1.84 and 2.08% RSD respectively.